Illustration of a polaron The bright sphere is the electron, which is distorting the surrounding lattice. The wavy lines are high-order Feynman diagrams for the electron–phonon interaction. (Courtesy: ...

Almost everything is made of particles. Particles can be atoms, molecules or ions. Particles behave differently in solids, liquids and gases. The particle model explains the differences between solids ...

Everything we can see and touch, and quite a lot that we can’t as well, is made of tiny particles called atoms. Some substances, like particles of this iron, contain only one kind of atom. Iron is an ...